Introducing Evidence Essays

Presenting Evidence Essays Presenting Evidence Essay Presenting Evidence Essay So as to introduce the taped proclamations against Sanders. the declarant ( Blair ) must be inaccessible as a source fitting to Fed. R. Evid. 804. The announcements by Blair harvest time under a rejection to the talk guideline. Taken care of. R. Evid. 804 ( B ) ( 3 ) . which gives that when a declarant is inaccessible as a witness. explanations against inclusion are non rejected by gossip. At the point when an arraigning official tries to introduce grounds of an explanation that inculpates the charged. a figure of councils necessitate that announcement be against the declarants inclusion and that there be documentation. Components that councils take a gander at for documentation incorporate inspiration. general character of the declarant. regardless of whether more than one individual heard the announcement. regardless of whether it was made unexpectedly and the planning of the affirmation and connection between the declarant and the source. Here. Blairs proclamation was without a doubt against his association as it could expose him to condemnable obligation each piece great as Drum sanders. Concerning documentation. Blair did non hold a solid inspiration to lie since he did non cognize he was conversing with a covert operator. He accepted that he was conversing with a planned inclusion in the forging methodology. At the point when these sorts of explanations are presented. Showdown Clause issues begin. Under the sixth amendment. a charged has the option to confront the source against him. The councils have moved in their assault to the investigation sing the showdown proviso. In Ohio v. Roberts. the Court rewarded the request of when the Confrontatiion Clause denies the introduction of out of council proclamations against a condemnable suspect. The Court made a constancy preliminary and adapted the tolerability of noise grounds on whether it fell under a solidly established gossip special case or bears particularized warrants of reliability . Solidly established avoidances included stimulated vocalizations. explanations refering clinical diagnosings. also, co-schemer proclamations. On the off chance that the talk articulation did non fall inside an immovably established avoidance. particularized warrants of trustiness may give it to come access. The announcement must hold adequate grounds of trustworthiness. The Roberts assault was scrutinized as dubious and insufficient to secure the defendant’s rights. The Court in Crawford v. Washington dismissed the Roberts assault. expressing its pliant assault as often as possible neglects to ensure against paradigmatic encounter infringement . The Crawford council clarified the preliminary in Roberts is excessively wide in that it applies a similar way of investigation whether or non the talk comprises of ex parte declaration. which regularly outcomes in close protected assessment in occurrences that are far expelled from the core worries of the condition. Also. the Court said it is. at a similar clasp. too much thin in that it concedes proclamations that do abide of antique parte declaration upon a simple assurance of reliability. Under this investigation. 804 ( B ) ( 3 ) . an announcement against association. does non fall inside a solidly established exemption so the council must go to whether it has impossible to miss warrants of trusti ness. The Court in Crawford ventured off from the Roberts assault and then again made another way of thinking after breaking down the Sixth Amendment. They principal said that it just applies to observers against the denounced thus. talk proclamations only raise worries with the Confrntation Clause when a declarant Acts of the Apostless like a source. A source was characterized as one who bore declaration. also, the court received a separation among tribute and non tribute articulations. The court in Crawford did non put out what comprises as tribute or non tribute. in any case, expressed that the Government can introduce tribute explanations where the declarant affirms during a test. hearing. or on the other hand where the presume had a foremost opportunity to cross examine the declarant and the declarant must be inaccessible. While tribute proclamations were non expressly characterized. the Court gave that tribute explanations about ever incorporate ex parte in-council declaration or its practical proportional that is material, for example, oaths tutelary examinations. foremost declaration that the suspect couldn't interview or comparable pretrial articulations Thusly toing nontestimonial proclamations. the Court reasoned that Where not tribute proclamations are at issue. it is conflicting with the Framers configuration to bear the cost of the States flexibleness in their improvement of prattle law-as does Roberts. also, every piece would an assault that absolved such explanations from Confrontation Clause investigation entirely. Accordingly. where non tribute proclamations are concerned. the reliability investigation in Ohio v. Roberts despite everything applies. In this manner. the issue of whether the Confrontation condition will prohibit this declaration relies upon whether the announcements by Blair are tribute or non tribute. In Davis. the court went farther to isolate whether articulations are tribute or non-tribute in the class of a 911 call question. In light of Crawford and Davis. delineations of non-tribute explanations incorporate articulations are made to choose an exigency. are a stimulated vocalization. or on the other hand made primarily for the purpose of getting clinical intercession or diagnosing. In any case, explanations made in a more ill-disposed puting. for example, fundamental hearing. prior to a sweeping jury. at a previous test. or on the other hand police questions. are tribute. Tribute articulations regularly set up past conduct. It would look the announcements. estimated from the situation of the declarant ( Blair ) were non tribute since they were non made for the purposes of attempting to region what occurred in the days of old or for the goal of back uping what Blair thought was a reality finding or accusative technique. In add-on. Blair was non doing the announcement in a conventional continuing and had no ground to accept the announcement would be utilized against him at a condemnable continuing. Where non tribute proclamations are concerned. the sixth amendment encounter statement request does non use and the court has set up that Roberts is non dead. Hence. the trustworthiness of these announcements would require to be broke down. Under the Roberts standard. Blair’s comments. in spite of the fact that against inclusion. make non fall under an immovably established rejection and would non hold been allowable except if there were particularized warrants of trustiness. Discovering constancy in an explanation that is against declarants association yet inculpates another people can be hard on the grounds that councils have concerns, for example, regardless of whether it is an explanation that supports the denounced place or on the off chance that it is looking to switch implication. Here. there were explanations made that could implicate Blair. inclining towards reliable. In add-on. Blair had no ground to accept he was being exposed to watch question. Be that as it may. on the off chance that the council for some ground found the announcement declaration. Showdown statement anaylsis would come in. This would require the declarant to be inaccessible and the charged have had a chance to confront the witness against him. While Blair is inaccessible. Sanders neer got an opportunity to navigate look at Blair. so the announcement would be avoided.

Q3-4-5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Q3-4-5 - Essay Example Industry associations likewise come fit as a fiddle when associations are socially hearty, having a solid spine of top officials regarding size, nearness and associations (Kathleen M. Eisenhardt and Claudia Bird Schoonhoven, 1996). To be explicit, there are three significant parts of organizations: establishment, arrangement, and auxiliary inclinations. The ‘foundation’ for association suggests to the probability of associations to increase the value of the general business by their mutual assets. At the point when we state ‘formations’, it alludes to properties, for example, restriction of comfort and commutability. By auxiliary inclinations we mean the sorts of adventures, which can be value joint endeavors, minority value collusions, reciprocal agreement based unions, and one-sided contract-based unions (T. K. Das and Bing-Sheng Teng, 2000). Key business associations empower associations to accomplish upper hand through access to shared assets. These mutual assets might be founded on potential markets, innovation, capital, or HR. As associations need to enter less independently, their objectives are increasingly centered in this manner prompting improved execution. Banding together associations share their constrained assets and business duties according to the accessibility and aptitude to assist the procedure. It’s best to concentrate one’s assets on what they do the best and accomplice for the rest. For the most part those organizations consent to cooperate which have same objective yet need certain zones, let it be spending plans, HR, or specialized mastery yet having same arrangement of objectives or offer same motivation behind presence. A think-tank Trendsetter Barometer, PWC states that â€Å"nearly 2/3 of quickly developing organizations are includes in vital unions. In normal, each quickly developing organization is occupied with 5 unique sorts of vital partnerships may it be identified with joint showcasing and advancement, joint selling or conveyance, innovation licenses,

Essay Topics For A Compare Contrast Web Page

Essay Topics For A Compare Contrast Web PageTopics for a compare contrast essay need to be prepared before beginning the writing process. The first thing that is required of a comparison essay is an interesting topic. You should know where you want your essay to end up before you begin.When people search for products, they will go to the first web site that they find interesting. The next step in their research is to check out the next site that they come across. The process continues until they find what they are looking for. This is known as buying from your site.With search engine optimization being so popular these days, most search engines will use the popularity of a site to rank it higher in the search results. The more sites that rank higher will result in your site having higher ranking with the search engines. If you want to rank higher, then you need to have a topic for a compare contrast essay.One of the things that will determine how well your online business does will b e the theme of your business. If you can select a topic that everyone will relate to, then you will be better off. If you want to make it simple for yourself, then you can just ask your customers for their opinions. You can include many themes and you will always find something that is popular.One of the biggest topics for a compare contrast web page is seasonal changes. When we think about the changing of the seasons, we usually think about winter and spring when it comes to the weather. We associate these seasons with fun and excitement in many parts of the world. They are associated with certain foods that we like to eat and other times of the year when they are associated with certain clothing styles.In addition to using the season to theme your webpage, you can choose the color scheme of your home. With the changing of the seasons, we are becoming more conscious of what colors of clothing we wear and what we put on our home windows. Using colors and themes that relate to the se ason will keep your customers coming back for more.Another theme that can be used is travel themes. Many times, when we think about travel we think about going to someplace else in order to enjoy it. Taking a trip to a destination or staying at a hotel may be a big part of the vacation for many people.Using a theme that relates to travel will keep people coming back for more. A traveling theme will provide you with the opportunity to show how long your customers have been living in your location and provide a snapshot of the type of people that you have. By using this theme, you will be able to tell them a little bit about the type of people that you want to attract to your business.

The Cannabis Debate - 2270 Words

The Cannabis debate is a recurring theme that finds itself under the spotlight in British politics and public discussion. The reasons for the current legal status of Cannabis are largely misinformed. Politicians often assume that their predecessors had good reasons for arriving at their assessment of Cannabis, and are therefore reluctant to change the existing status. Yet Cannabis prohibition emerged from debates and legislation directed at Opium. The view subscribed by David Musto that Cannabis was introduced during a period of drug intolerance allows for a more integral understanding of how Cannabis found its way into prohibition. Cannabis is the standard name for hemp which is an adaptive and highly successful annual herb found growing throughout the temperate and tropical zones of the world. Carolus Linnaeus, the Swedish â€Å"father of botany† named it cannabis sativa in 1753 which is primarily used to describe the plant found in European climates. Fibre can be obtai ned from the stem, and in some cases, from the leaf which is employed for the manufacture of rope. The finer parts of the fibre were also used to produce cloth and linen. Peter Besnard, Inspector General of South Ireland held a meeting in 1816 to encourage cultivation of flax and hemp in which he stated was â€Å"a great resource of wealth and employment† as it had proved successful in Northern Ireland.† Additionally, the cannabis seed is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which in the pastShow MoreRelated The Cannabis Debate Essay5766 Words   |  24 PagesThe Cannabis Debate The Federal Government of the United States doesnt condone the use of marijuana and any schedule I drugs at the present time, which is any substance that has no current medical use and is a mind altering drug. Under new circumstances in California and Arizona, there is a temporary Bill that has been passed legalizing the schedule I drug for medical use, known as Act 215: Medical use limited to cancer patients and individuals with the disease glaucoma. Individuals that areRead MoreThe Cannabis Debate Essay examples3978 Words   |  16 PagesThe Cannabis Debate The cannabis debate has never been a straightforward one. At the beginning of the 21st century, perceptions and preconceptions about cannabis and its uses have never been more blurred. Some see cannabis as a menace to society whilst others see it as a useful source of fibre, food and medicine. Doctors and scientists spend millions investigating its medicinal value yet for every positive piece of research, there is a negative. 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Your Online MBA Course 2019

Online MBA degrees are in demand, as many employers require more education from their employees. It is also relevant to middle level professionals who might have a good work experience, but hit a glass ceiling, when they are up for promotions. An accredited online MBA degree therefore helps bridge the gap ,while you can still work and helps in career advancement decisions esp. increased salaries. Therefore, if you are middle career professional or a part time student and looking to enhance your skills there are few pointers while choosing an online MBA program and the first step towards that is choosing the right program. It is important that one chooses a program that is regionally recognized and acknowledged at the national level by most top notch companies. To help you streamline your choices and make an informed decision we have collated a list of the top rated Universities across the nation. All these universities have received endorsement from the International Association for Management Education (AACSB). Arizona State Universities W.P. Carey School of Business :Course Duration-22 months with Spring and Autumn semesters each year (January/July). The Course fee is $19,011. .u2c5ac725d04b4f55a6b1e3721e2dd624 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u2c5ac725d04b4f55a6b1e3721e2dd624:active, .u2c5ac725d04b4f55a6b1e3721e2dd624:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u2c5ac725d04b4f55a6b1e3721e2dd624 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u2c5ac725d04b4f55a6b1e3721e2dd624 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u2c5ac725d04b4f55a6b1e3721e2dd624 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u2c5ac725d04b4f55a6b1e3721e2dd624:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Colleges and Universities in Alberta, Canada Pursuing Online and Campus-based Education in Alberta, CanadaAuburn University College of Business (Distance or Outreach Program):Course Duration: 3years with spring and autumn sessions. The Course fee is $18,500. An on- campus, 5-day case analysis seminar is a prerequisite for this course. With teamwork being the focus of the course, students can specialize in Finance, Management Information Sciences (MIS), healthcare, marketing, technology management or Human resources. Carnegie Melon University Tepper School of Business (Flex mode MBA) is a part-time program and the degree requirements are completed over a three-year period. The FlexMode Program enables the participants to maintain their gainful employment while pursuing an MBA degree. The course is divided into four terms and can be completed in 4 years. The course fee is $38,000. In addition this course requires on-campus stay and admits corporately-sponsored students from companies such as GE, Goldman Sachs and others. This program is also accessible for those on the west coast through the California centre. .u64bb9c4514b8f8d787ac9e22ec6f80ff { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u64bb9c4514b8f8d787ac9e22ec6f80ff:active, .u64bb9c4514b8f8d787ac9e22ec6f80ff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u64bb9c4514b8f8d787ac9e22ec6f80ff { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u64bb9c4514b8f8d787ac9e22ec6f80ff .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u64bb9c4514b8f8d787ac9e22ec6f80ff .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u64bb9c4514b8f8d787ac9e22ec6f80ff:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Online Engineering Education Career Opportunities in Food and NanotechnologyGeorge WebMBA: The University System of Georgia offers the Georgia WebMBA through its five participating schools. The program is a great value at $16,380 tuition and nearly 90% students are known to complete this course.. Convenient and affordable, the WebMBA, provides quality online instruction, and can be completed in 1 1/2 years with classes beginning in August. Indiana University Kelley School of Business (Kelley Direct Public MBA): Kelley Direct offers three online masters degree programs as well as MBA with specialization in finance, global supply chain management, and strategic management from any location while still working full time. The MBA program can be done in as little as two years or as many as five years, while the MS programs can be completed in 15 months. The course fee for the program is $945 per credit hour.. Nearly 96% students complete the course which is renowned for its faculty. Pennsylvania State University Online MBA (MBA) is of 2 years duration with semesters beginning in September each year. This program caters to those seeking managerial expertise and the fees is affordable at $23,000 and has a high number of students completing this course. .u376be4ef5a51d2ccd7a1a8d3a2165f34 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u376be4ef5a51d2ccd7a1a8d3a2165f34:active, .u376be4ef5a51d2ccd7a1a8d3a2165f34:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u376be4ef5a51d2ccd7a1a8d3a2165f34 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u376be4ef5a51d2ccd7a1a8d3a2165f34 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u376be4ef5a51d2ccd7a1a8d3a2165f34 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u376be4ef5a51d2ccd7a1a8d3a2165f34:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Choosing a Good Health Care PlanSyracuse University Martin Whitman School of Management: iMBA is a limited-residency distance learning MBA program for executives offered by the Whitman School of Management. Its uniquely flexible format combines on-campus residency and distance learning. New students enroll in January, May, or August. The course duration is between 3-7 years and the course fee is stipulated at $1,069 per credit. Related ArticlesVirginia Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Virginia, the Old Dominion StateSouth Carolina Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in South Carolina, the Palmetto StateRN to Bachelor of Science in Nursing 10 Highest Paying Nursing Specialties in ColoradoTop Ten Things to Consider when Selecting an Online SchoolFind General Online Degree ProgramsGetting a College Education Online

Legalization of Same Sex Marriage in America - 821 Words

Legalization of Same Sex Marriage in America I do! The marriage of homosexual couples is a hot topic right now. Many politicians have changed their position from against homosexual marriage to for homosexual marriage. These politicians include Senator (Sen.) Rob Portman, former President Bill Clinton, and current President Barack Obama (Political flip-floppers, 2014). The federal and state governments need to support same sex marriages the same as they support opposite sex marriages. Legalization of same sex marriages legitimizes the couple’s equality in society, strengthens family health, and is an intrinsic right for all citizens. Equality, Stability, and Rights Same sex couples do not receive the same socio-economic benefits that opposite gender couples do when they get married. The socio-economic rights of pension benefits, hospital visitation, child support, affordable housing etc... are basic resources for a healthy marriage regardless of same-sex or opposite sex couples (Dinno Whitney, 2013). Currently in the United States (U.S.) 17 states plus the District of Columbia allow same-sex couples to marry, with four others allowing domestic partnerships or civil unions (Same sex marriage map, 2014). The states these same-sex couples are married in, are typically, the only state where their marriage rights are guaranteed. In the case of civil unions or domestic partnerships, these rights are limited and not always transferred from state to state (Jones, 2013).Show MoreRelatedThe Problem With The United States Constitution1209 Words   |  5 PagesAllana Diego Mrs. Morris CLN4U 9 January 2015 The Problem with the United States’ Constitution According to the United Nations, human rights are defined as â€Å"rights inherent to all human beings, whatever their nationality, place of residence, sex, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, language, or any other status. Humans all equally entitled to human rights without discrimination. These rights are all interrelated, interdependent and indivisible.† The fight to protect human rights hasRead MoreLegalization Of Same Sex Marriage Essay963 Words   |  4 PagesKaye Shannelle Romuar Alfritz Arevalo Angelika Figueroa Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage I. Introduction Same-sex marriage can also be called gay marriage. 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In recent years, there has been a push in first world countries to acknowledge and legally accept gay unions and allow them the option of marriage. The modern LGBT+ rights movement started with the Stonewall riots in 1969. The goal was originally just acknowledgement and social acceptanceRead MoreSame Sex Marriage1418 Words   |  6 PagesGay Couples Should Have the Same Rights As Married Couples Professor PHI 210 June 6, 2013 Same-sex marriage is a topic that has become increasingly more debatable throughout time. America has been said to be the â€Å"land of the free,† but when it comes to homosexual couples, it is far from that. If same-sex marriage was legalized, many positive outcomes could emerge from it; the society would be closer to equality, adoption would increase, gained social support for families would developRead MoreThe Legalization Of Same Sex Marriage938 Words   |  4 PagesRights To All Most people believe that they deserve the rights they are granted by the government. A citizen who pays their taxes, serves their community and abides by the law should be afforded the same rights as any American. However, not all citizens are afforded equal rights. Lesbians, gays, bi-sexual, and transgender (LGBT) are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbians couples are denied the right to marry even if

Pay System of Alliston Medical Company-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Pay System of Alliston Medical Company in Canada. Answer: Introduction Alliston Instruments is a company in southern Ontario that manufactures medical instruments. It involves two kinds of processes. There are individual workers who manufacture the products using different machinery, tools and equipments which are of various sizes. Other workers then collect the components into the finished product after it goes through various processes at five to six workstations. The essential of a product is its quality and it depends on the quality of the components as well as the assembly process. Problems at Alliston In January 2014, when the financial statements of 2013 had already been published, everyone was gloomy. This was because in the fifty year history of the company, it was the first time that they had faced a loss. The CEO of the company took it as a problem of the production. The production report of 2013 showed that the number of defective units were more in that year, although there was an increase in production. Moreover, the amount of raw materials and other supplies wasted was also more in that year compared to other years. The labor costs were high but the total sales were down than previous years. It caused an overall increase in costs per unit. It takes time to do the work in two sets. A group of workers produce the medical components whereas the others start assembling those components. This might hamper the quality of the product as it depends on both the manufacturing and assembling process. With the increase in competition and onset of better instruments Alliston has sligh tly taken a backseat. The entry of two Asian firms with low- priced products in the Canadian market has increased the competition (McCollum, 2014). Structural and contextual variables The structural variables in an organization are coordination and departmentation, communication and information, control system, decision making and leadership and job design and reward sstem. Previously the company Alliston Instruments used to have increase in sales every year along with increase in profit. It had created record in 2010 with a profit of over $3 million. But as the medical industry has become more competitive therefore many medical firms have started producing high- quality medical equipments. Previously the Canadian market had two competitors, US and Europe but with the advent of two Asian firms in 2011, the competition increased. The advantage of Asian firms is that the labor cost is low which makes them put attractive prices on their products. But that causes a problem because buyers might have doubt about the potential quality of the products. For the time being, it seemed that Allistons customers would remain loyal because they were under pressure to reduce cost as a result of budget cuts. In 2011, due to the entry of an Asian competitor and its major increase in sales, Allistons sale was tremendously cut in 2012. This resulted in terminating fifty employees which was a large number in the history of Alliston (Hofmann, 2015). Managerial strategy To make up for this loss in sales, Alliston started including a number of new products. But a good sale of these new products did not really bring in a lot of money. This was because of the high production costs as a result of new equipments and the training of the employees. Some employees preferred not to work with the new equipments so the manager had to pressurize them not to use old equipments. The company was forced to increase the wage of the laborers in 2011- 12 because they were on strike which hampered the production of the company the peak season. The management and the labors in Alliston share a very bitter relationship, one always complaining about the other. To support the position of the HR, the management has been able to lower the turnover rate of employees. To increase the efficiency of the employees, the firm had to convince the union to accept the extra bonus in addition to their wages based on the individual output. A standard production rate of each of the items was established on the basis of the 2012 production report. Individual performance pay system According to reports, the production bonus system at Alliston Instruments is not working. As a result, the management needs to implement specific and individual performance pay system. The management needs to implement individual performance pay scale based on piece rates, commissions, merit pay and special purpose incentives. If the management of Alliston Instruments implements merit pay, the individual employees will be encouraged to work hard. This will help in increasing the production level of the company. Moreover, individual performance pay will also increase the employees to increase the sales of the medical equipment, as they will be lured due to extra pay. The management of the Alliston Instruments can enhance the performance of the employees by implementing monetary benefits (Stone Deadrick, 2015). However, there seemed to be various problems with the new pay system. If a supervisor sets the production standard very high the employees have a low chance to earn their extra bonus. Therefore, almost every employee tries not to work on a product that reduces the level of production. On the contrary, employees prefer working on products due to extra pay thereby, increasing the production level. Overall, it was seen that the scenario of net result has not changed at all. In a year, ten employees have resigned, or retired leading to a reduction in workforce, which further lead to a drop in production sale. This reduction in workforce was not replaced and productivity was not increased. This was partially counterbalanced by hiring two supervisors to control the needs for inspection, supervision and administering the bonus system. Another clerk was also appointed to handle the new pay system and its calculations (Xavier, 2014). There was complaint on the part of the supervisors about the new pay system because it had put them under extra pressure. This has given rise to conflict between the supervisors and the employees. The relationship which was bitter beforehand, worsened after this new system was introduced because no employee would want a poorly paid job. It was found out that employees are not bothered about the quality but the quantity should meet the minimum standard. They do not even pay heed to the wastage of raw materials. Supervisors need to look out more into these problems to keep the quality and quantity both up to the mark even though the pay is less. It sometimes happen that the supervisors are earning less than the employees as they do not fall under the category of the bonus system. The employees who are not in the union are not receiving any increase in their pay and three supervisors have quit too. It did not happen before in Alliston that one or two supervisors have left in a single ye ar (Eccles, Jacob Jacobsen, 2015). New performance pay system The union was not ready to accept the individual performance plan but they had accepted the new system of the one in return for a clause in the collective agreement. This ensures job security for the contemporary workforce of the union. Reduction in workforce had to be achieved through weakening production. The introduction of new products in new line by Alliston, or increasing the wage in 2011- 12 or by proper supervision has not been of much help to improve their condition. Normal standards were based on the estimates of the supervisors of the company which showed that the compensation strategies and the practices had affected the production of the company. Management of the company had accepted the condition because they did not want to have a lay off on their employees. They had an expectation that the new performance pay system will reduce the costs per unit so that the price of Alliston will be lowered and they will be able to regain back their lost business and reputation. Cus tomers have started complaining about the quality and price of the product. The financial data of the previous years showed that the sale had gone to the peak as well as fallen to its lowest. But the company cannot decrease the prices because the unit costs are very high. But the management has not been able to decide that what they have to do (Nazir, Shah Zaman, 2014). Recommendation Pay for performance- Pros: The best approach is pay for performance. The employees are rewarded on the basis of their productivity. It ties the compensation directly to the specific target of the company. Companies have to deliver competitive pay in order to do this for competitive levels of performance. They should match measurable and controllable performance aims to the objectives of the company. Cons: It causes contention among the employees. Jealousy and disagreements creates hostility in the workplace. They are afraid to give inputs regarding any changes. Employees become resistant to company changes. Changes in operating process decrease the productivity. Goal sharing and Gain sharing- Pros: Gives flexibility to the manager. The manager can decide how many hours can be paid for. It is not needed to pay for overtime work. Employees will be happy with their income. Payment of bonus encourages employees to increase production. Cons: Pay extra for over time or work on holidays. Extra perks for interesting salary and position. It requires proper planning by the manager. It is difficult to decide about bonus in a team work. A low commission rate will not attract the employees. Performance appraisal and group bonus plan- Pros: Provide a document of employee performance. Provide a structure for meeting between the managers and employees. Allow a manager an opportunity to provide the employee with feedback. Employees can clarify doubts and issues. Motivate employees by a good merit increase. Cons: Can create a negative impression. Very time consuming. It is based on human assessment so not valid totally. It can be overwhelming to managers with the employees. Create a stressful work environment. Out of these approaches, performance appraisal and group bonus plan can be considered as the best because it motivates the employees to perform better by telling him the demerits of his poor performance. A common scale of rating indicates that they are tied to the employees bonus. The narrative technique gives more details about job analysis. The comparison method compare an employee with another influence his performance. The 360 feedback lets the employee being evaluated by his colleagues, juniors, customers, and supervisors. Performance appraisal will motivate the employees as they will be rewarded based on their performance. The employees will thereby, feel that their contribution and effort towards the organization are valued. This will encourage the employees to perform better and even take initiatives for completing certain tasks. Enhancement in the employee performance will also improve the organizational performance thereby, increasing the production level. Conclusion Alliston, a special medical equipment manufacturing company have introduced the new system of pay for performance to motivate the employees to perform better. The supervisors had to face the employee strikes, as they were not ready to do low paying jobs. 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